China is dominating by controlling 90% of rare earth minerals and making all people kneel from robotics motors to lot of other things, like rare earth magnets are one of the hugs part.
Government need to liberaliz and build public-private relation with separation of concern and responsibility.
Rare earth magnets market is going to dominate in the near future. the pie is so huge that it will never be crowded, there always be place to serve the demand.
what is their method how they are doing this: https://www.nironmagnetics.com/
Rare-Earth-Free Magnets
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Revenue Potential: $15B by 2035 (market-creating if successful)
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Problem: NdFeB requires REEs. Ferrite is too weak for EVs. Alternatives are lab-scale:
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MnBi (Manganese-Bismuth): Ames Lab working on it; complex synthesis
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α”-Fe16N2 (Iron Nitride): Niron Magnetics (backed by GM, DOD, Stellantis) — closest to commercial but still pre-scale; metastable phase decomposes above 539K
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High-Entropy Borides: Georgetown University breakthrough — earth-abundant transition metals + boron, rare-earth-free AND precious-metal-free
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MnAlC: PASSENGER project (Europe) achieved first industrial-scale 158kg production; validated in water pump and e-scooter prototypes
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Breakthrough Needed: Stabilize Fe16N2 phase at industrial temperatures; scale MnAlC to tonnes; AI-driven materials discovery.
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Risk: Extreme. But if it hits, it leapfrogs the entire rare earth supply chain.
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Timeline: 10+ years